Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus)
Description
Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as Lion's Mane mushroom, is a fascinating white fungus that looks like a football-sized cluster of long, icicle-like spines. It often grows high up on exposed deadwood, giving it its distinctive mane-like appearance. Both the mushroom and its mycelium (the underground network of the fungus) are packed with beneficial compounds, although some are unique to each part. The mycelium is crucial for absorbing and transporting nutrients, not only for the mushroom itself but also for the surrounding environment, helping maintain soil health and nutrient cycling.
In the kitchen, Lion's Mane is prized for its mild seafood flavor, similar to lobster, and its ability to absorb flavors and liquids, making it a versatile ingredient in various dishes. However, its value extends beyond the culinary world. Lion's Mane is renowned for its potential health benefits.
The history of Hericium erinaceus goes back to 1780 when it was first described by Jean Baptiste Francois Bulliard as Hydnum erinaceus. It was later reclassified into its current genus by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1797. The name Hericium refers to the spiny appearance of the fungus, and erinaceus means "like a hedgehog," reflecting its unique look.
Common names:
Hedgehog Mushroom
Monkey's Mushroom
Bear's Head
Old Man's Beard
Unbranched Hericium
Pom Pom
Japanese (Yamabushitake)
Chinese (Houtou)
German (Igelstachelbart)
Netherlands (Pruikzwam)
Czech Republic (Korálovec ježatý)
Mushroom Identification
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Fruiting Body
A fruiting body is an 3.15 to 9.84 inches (8 to 25 cm) wide, unbranched clump of soft 0.39 to 1.57 inches (1 to 4 cm) spines. It is attached to a tough base on a tree and may appear hairy and white, or turn brownish or yellowish with age.
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Habitat
Lion's Mane lives on dead wood and can grow alone or in pairs. It produces fruit in late summer or fall, or in winter and spring in warm areas. It is common in Europe, North America, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and Asia. It was first discovered in France.
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Flesh
The flesh is white and does not change color when sliced. It is also soft and spongy.
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Odor and Taste
Odor not distinctive. The taste is similar to lobster.
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Spore Print
White.
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Microscopic Features
Spores 5–6 x 5.5–6 µm; globose to subglobose or subellipsoid; smooth or minutely roughened; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; amyloid. Gloeoplerous hyphae present, sometimes extending into hymenium to become cystidia (up to 50 x 6 µm, cylindric with knobbed apices, smooth, thin-walled).
Look-Alikes
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The major difference is that instead of having single "snowball-like" formations, this mushroom has a short branches that are closely bunched together.
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Similar but does not have a spherical shape.
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Has irregular branches with long and slender spines that extend towards the ground, growing differently from a central point.
Benefits
💪 Body. Lion's Mane mushroom is a powerful supplement with a variety of health benefits. Packed with compounds like hericenones and erinacines, it supports brain health and cognitive function, potentially helping with memory loss and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. It can also aid in nerve repair, making it useful for managing anxiety and neurological issues. Additionally, Lion’s Mane may help manage diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. It supports digestive health by promoting the healing of stomach lining and reducing peptic ulcers. Its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties can help fight various cancers and ease chemotherapy side effects. Plus, Lion’s Mane boosts the immune system and enhances antioxidant activity, contributing to overall health and well-being.
🪬 Spiritual benefits. Lion's Mane mushroom is often associated with spiritual benefits due to its potential to enhance mental clarity and focus. It is believed to support emotional balance and inner peace by promoting neurogenesis and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. This can lead to a heightened sense of well-being and deeper self-awareness, which many find beneficial in their spiritual practices. Additionally, its ability to improve cognitive function and memory may aid in meditation and mindfulness by fostering a clearer, more focused mind.
Uses
🍚 Extract and Powder. Lion’s Mane extract and powder both offer unique benefits depending on your needs. The extract, being more concentrated and bioavailable, is typically more effective for targeted support, especially for brain and nerve health, as it's easier for the body to absorb. On the other hand, Lion’s Mane powder, made by grinding the whole mushroom or dried fruiting bodies, is more affordable, versatile, and retains a wider range of nutrients. This makes it ideal for those seeking a comprehensive health supplement that can be easily incorporated into various foods. Your choice between the two should depend on your specific health goals, budget, and preferred method of use.
☕ Tea. To prepare Lion's Mane Mushroom Powder tea, start by adding 1 teaspoon of the powder to a cup. Pour 1 cup of boiling water over the powder and let it steep for 5-10 minutes. Stir well to ensure the powder is fully dissolved. For added flavor, you can enhance your tea with honey, cinnamon, or a splash of milk to taste. Finally, relax and enjoy the unique flavor and potential benefits of your homemade Lion's Mane tea.
☕ Coffee. To make Lion's Mane mushroom coffee, simply brew your favorite coffee and stir in 1 teaspoon of Lion's Mane mushroom powder. For a frothy texture, blend the coffee with the powder before adding any milk, cream, or sweetener to taste. Enjoy the rich, earthy flavor and the potential cognitive benefits of Lion's Mane as you savor your enhanced cup of coffee.
🧴 Tincture. Usually made from 100% fruiting bodies and sclerotia, Lion’s Mane tincture is crafted using a double extraction method to ensure maximum potency, delivering concentrated active compounds for optimal brain and nerve health
🍇 Gummies and Vitamins. Making Lion’s Mane gummies and vitamins starts with extracting the beneficial compounds from the mushroom. The mushrooms are either dried and powdered or go through a special extraction process to concentrate their active ingredients. For gummies, the extract is mixed with fruit juice, pectin or gelatin, and natural sweeteners, then poured into molds to set. For vitamins, the extract is combined with other nutrients and formed into tablets or capsules. Both gummies and vitamins offer an easy and convenient way to enjoy the brain-boosting and nerve-supporting benefits of Lion’s Mane.
Side Effects
🤰 Pregnancy and breast-feeding It's best to avoid taking Lion's Mane during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as there's not enough research to confirm its safety. Always check with your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement to see if Lion's Mane is a good fit for you and to find the right dosage for your needs.
🏻 Itchy skin. Taking Lion's Mane supplements may cause itchy skin. Consult a doctor if itchy skin is accompanied by other symptoms such as swollen glands or hives.
🩸 Bleeding conditions. Hericium erinaceus might slow blood clotting. This might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding in people with bleeding conditions. However, there are no reports of this occurring in humans.
🩺 Diabetes. Lion's Mane might lower blood sugar. Watch for signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and monitor your blood sugar carefully if you have diabetes and use Hericium erinaceus.
🥼 Surgery. Lion's Mane might slow blood clotting. This might cause extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using Hericium erinaceus at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Pet Safety
🐶 Lion's Mane mushroom extract is a powerful supplement for supporting the nervous system in dogs, essential for maintaining overall health. Known for its ability to promote nerve cell regeneration and improve brain function, Lion's Mane is particularly beneficial for senior dogs and those suffering from conditions like Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD). This medicinal mushroom, with its bio-active agents that induce Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), can aid in repairing nerve damage, boosting cognitive function, and enhancing mood without adverse effects.
🐱 It is generally safe for cats and offers several potential benefits. It can support cognitive function, particularly in aging cats, helping to reduce symptoms of feline cognitive dysfunction such as disorientation and confusion. Additionally, it aids in nerve regeneration, making it useful for managing nerve damage or neuropathies. Its antioxidant-rich profile and beta-glucans boost the immune system, helping to fend off infections and diseases. Lion’s Mane also promotes gut health, enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption.
🐾 As always, it's best to consult a veterinarian before adding any new supplement to your pet's diet.
Growing
Growing Lion's Mane mushrooms can be a rewarding experience. Here’s a friendly, step-by-step guide to help you through the process. 🌱🍄
Step 1: Preparation and Setup
Choose Your Substrate: Begin by selecting your substrate. The dead and decaying hardwood logs, sawdust, straw, or a mix with supplements like bran or corn are excellent choices. These materials provide the nutrients needed for healthy growth.
Sterilize the Substrate: Soak your substrate in a bucket of water for at least 2 hours. After soaking, drain the excess water and let it rest for an additional 30 minutes. Excess moisture can lead to contamination, so be sure to remove it thoroughly. Allow the substrate to cool for about 6 hours before using it. 🧼💧
Set Up Your Workspace: Create a clean environment for handling the substrate. Prepare your jars or plastic bags, making sure they are clean and not overfilled. If using jars, fit the covers loosely; if using plastic bags, fold the tops loosely. Cleanliness is key to preventing contamination. 🧹🧫
Step 2: Inoculation
Prepare the Spawn: Gently crush and separate your spawn pack without opening it. This will make it easier to mix with the substrate later.
Inoculate the Substrate: Once your substrate has cooled, mix in the spawn thoroughly. Immediately seal the jars or plastic bags after inoculation. Shake the jars or bags to distribute the spawn evenly throughout the substrate. 🔬🧫
Step 3: Incubation
Placement: Store the jars or bags in a dark, cool place away from direct sunlight. Maintain a temperature between 68-77°F (20-25°C) for optimal growth.
Monitoring: After about 3 weeks, check for full colonization. The substrate should be covered with a white fungal coating. This indicates that your mushrooms are ready to fruit. 🌡️🌑
Adjustments: Once colonization is complete, move the jars or bags to a location with good airflow and indirect light. Create small holes (about 5 mm in diameter) in the containers to allow the mushrooms to grow through. 🍃🌞
Step 4: Fruiting
Maintain Conditions: Ensure high humidity (above 80%) for optimal mushroom growth. Use a humidifier or humidity tent if needed. Provide adequate ventilation to prevent mold and contamination. 💦🍂
Observation: Keep an eye out for the Lion’s Mane mushrooms as they start to grow through the holes you made. 🕵️♂️👀
Step 5: Harvesting
Timing: Harvest the mushrooms before they begin to turn pink for the best flavor and texture.
Technique: Use a sharp knife to cut the mushrooms close to the jar or bag, being careful not to damage the substrate. Proper handling will help ensure future growth. 🔪🍄
Step 6: Post-Harvest Care
Clean Up: After harvesting, clean and sanitize the jars or bags if you plan to use them again.
Storage: Store the harvested mushrooms in the refrigerator and use them within a week for the freshest taste.
Subsequent Flushes: Expect additional flushes of mushrooms from the same substrate. New mushrooms will typically grow from the sites of previous ones. 🌟📦
Additional Tips
Monitor your mushrooms for any signs of contamination, such as unusual colors or smells. Adjust humidity, temperature, and ventilation as needed to ensure healthy growth.
Enjoy the process and the delicious results of your homegrown Lion’s Mane mushrooms! 🌟🍽️
Recipes
Ingredients
1 large Lion's Mane mushroom
1/3 cup olive oil
3-5 garlic cloves, minced
1 shallot, diced
2 pints cherry or grape tomatoes, quartered
Fresh basil, for garnish
Salt and pepper, to taste
Instructions
Slice the Lion's Mane mushroom into ½-1 inch thick pieces.
Heat oil in a large skillet. Cook the mushroom pieces for about 3 minutes per side until golden brown. Set aside on a paper towel.
In the same skillet, sauté garlic and shallots for about a minute.
Add tomatoes and cook on medium-low heat for 10 minutes, mashing them slightly to create a chunky sauce.
Season the sauce with salt and pepper. Top with fresh basil.
Serve the sauce with the cooked Lion's Mane mushroom. Enjoy!
Ingredients
1/2 lb Lion's Mane mushrooms, thinly sliced
3 tablespoons butter
2 cups light cream
1/2 yellow onion, chopped
2 garlic cloves, chopped
3 tablespoons flour
Instructions
Melt 1 tablespoon of butter in a skillet over medium-high heat. Cook the mushrooms until most of their liquid is released.
Add the onions and garlic, cooking until the onions soften and the mushrooms brown.
Stir in the flour and remaining butter, cooking for a few more minutes.
Gradually add the cream, reduce heat, and simmer until thickened to your liking.
Serve over pasta, rice, or crackers. Enjoy!
Ingredients
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1/2 lb Lion's Mane mushrooms
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1 tbsp of olive oil
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1 tbsp of butter
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salt and pepper
Instructions
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Prepare the Lion's Mane mushrooms by gently brushing off the dirt or washing if necessary. Slice or tear into bite-size pieces.
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Heat oil in a large pan over medium to high heat.
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Add mushrooms and cover, cook until mushrooms begin to dry out.
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Add butter, season and continue to sauté for 2-3 mins until brown.
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Serve immediately.
Ingredients
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2 Lion's Mane mushrooms, cut into chunks
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Olive oil, for frying
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Flour tortillas
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Cabbage, Chipotle Mayo, Sriracha
For the breading
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1/2 cup cornmeal
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1/2 tsp garlic powder
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a pinch dried oregano
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1/2 tsp smoked paprika
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Salt and pepper
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A pinch cumin
For the milk mixture
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1/2 cup almond milk
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2 tsp cornstarch
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2 tbsp flour
Instructions
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Heat the oil in a skillet over medium heat.
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Mix the almond milk, flour, and cornstarch in a bowl and whisk to combine.
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Mix the garlic powder, cornmeal, paprika, salt, pepper and cumin in a separate bowl.
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Put the mushroom pieces into the milk mixture to coat completely, then place it into the dry mix and coat evenly on all sides.
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Place the breaded mushrooms into the pan and cook until tender and just brown. Reduce the heat to medium-low.
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Divide the mix between the tortillas.
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Top with cabbage, and chipotle mayo. Drizzle with sriracha.
Ingredients
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2 tbsp butter
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3 carrots, sliced thinly
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1 white onion, diced
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Parsley, to garnish
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Salt and pepper
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Lion's Mane mushrooms, sliced into chunks
Instructions
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Heat a skillet on medium heat, add the butter and onion, cook until browned.
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Add the mushrooms and season with salt and pepper.
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Stir in the carrots and sauté for around 5-7 minutes.
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Serve with parsley.
Ingredients
1 fist-sized Lion's Mane mushroom per person
1 Tbsp ghee
Salt and pepper, to taste
Garlic powder, to taste
Instructions
Clean the Lion's Mane mushroom with a damp paper towel.
Slice the mushroom into ½-inch thick "steaks."
Heat ghee in a pan over medium heat. Sauté the mushroom slices on each side until tender.
Season with salt, pepper, and garlic powder. Enjoy!
Ingredients
2 tablespoons olive oil, divided
4 cups shallots, sliced
1 tablespoon fresh thyme
1/2 teaspoon kosher salt, divided
1/3 cup dry sherry
1 tablespoon sherry vinegar
1/4 teaspoon black pepper
12 Lion's Mane mushrooms (silver dollar-sized)
1 tablespoon butter, cut into 12 pieces
1 tablespoon fresh chives, sliced
Instructions
Preheat oven to 425°F.
In a saucepan, heat 1 tablespoon oil over medium-high heat. Sauté shallots, thyme, and 1/4 teaspoon salt for 4 minutes. Add sherry, cover, and simmer on low for 10 minutes. Stir in vinegar and black pepper. Keep warm.
In a large ovenproof skillet, heat remaining oil over medium-high heat. Cook mushrooms, fuzzy side down, for 4 minutes until browned. Flip, top each with a butter piece, and bake in the oven for 5 minutes.
Remove from oven, sprinkle with remaining salt. Serve mushrooms over shallots, drizzle with pan juices, and garnish with chives. Enjoy!
Ingredients
1/2 pound Lion's Mane mushroom
2 tbsp olive oil
2 garlic cloves
2 tbsp Greek yogurt (or mayonnaise)
1 tsp soy sauce
1 cup breadcrumbs
1/4 cup diced onion
1 egg (or flaxseed egg for vegan)
Splash of white or red wine vinegar
2-3 tbsp fresh parsley, chopped
1 tsp smoked paprika
Juice of 1/4 lemon
3-4 tbsp coconut oil (for frying)
Salt and pepper, to taste
For Remoulade
1/4 cup Greek yogurt
2 tbsp Dijon mustard
1 tsp smoked paprika
Juice of 1/4 lemon
Salt and pepper, to taste
Instructions
Preheat oven to 350°F. Dice Lion's Mane mushroom, toss with olive oil, and roast with garlic for 30-40 minutes, turning halfway through.
Pulse roasted mushrooms and garlic in a food processor until roughly chopped.
In a bowl, whisk together egg, soy sauce, Greek yogurt, lemon juice, parsley, salt, and pepper. Add breadcrumbs, onions (sautéed or raw), and mushroom mixture. Mix well.
Form the mixture into cakes using an ice cream scoop or tablespoon.
Heat coconut oil in a pan over medium heat. Fry the cakes until golden brown on both sides. Finish with a touch of sea salt.
For the remoulade, whisk together yogurt, mustard, paprika, lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Serve with the crab cakes. Enjoy!
Ingredients
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300 g frozen Lion's Mane mushrooms
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200 g vegetarian mock liver
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2 thumbs fresh ginger
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2 tbsp toasted sesame oil
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3 tsp dark soy sauce
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½ tsp white pepper
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1 tsp light soy sauce
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2 tbsp Chinese Shaoxing wine
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1 sprig Chinese celery (Nan Ling)
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1½ cups Thai basmati rice
Instructions
Prepare the MushroomsThaw and soak mushrooms in warm water if needed. Slice them and the mock liver.
Prepare Ginger and Celery
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Peel and slice ginger into matchsticks.
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Wash and cut the Chinese celery into quarters.
Cook the Rice Porridge
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Rinse rice thoroughly. Cook 1½ cups rice with 9½ cups water in a stockpot over medium heat for 25-30 minutes until the grains are soft and slightly broken. Add more boiling water if needed for desired consistency.
Stir-Fry
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Heat sesame oil in a pan over medium-high heat. Add ginger and cook until lightly browned.
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Add mushrooms and mock liver. Stir-fry for 3 minutes.
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Stir in dark soy sauce, white pepper, light soy sauce, and Shaoxing wine. Toss to coat, then add 1 cup water. Reduce heat and simmer for 5 minutes.
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Add Chinese celery and cook for another 2 minutes.
ServeServe the stir-fry over rice porridge. Enjoy!
Notes
Adjust water for rice porridge to achieve the desired consistency:-
Thick: 1½ cups rice to 8½ cups water
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Medium: 1½ cups rice to 9½ cups water
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Thin: 1½ cups rice to 10½ cups water
Ingredients
2-4 squash and/or eggplant
Several Roma or meaty tomatoes
½ pound Lion's Mane mushrooms
½ cup freshly grated Parmesan
4 cloves garlic, minced
1 tbsp fresh parsley, chopped
1 tbsp fresh basil, chopped
1 tsp fresh oregano, chopped
1 bay leaf (optional)
5 tbsp olive oil
Salt and pepper, to taste
Instructions
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Prepare Vegetables: Thinly slice squash, eggplant, and mushrooms. Season with salt and pepper.
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Sauté: Heat 1 tbsp olive oil in a skillet. Sauté squash, eggplant, and mushrooms in batches until lightly browned.
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Prepare Tomatoes: Slice tomatoes and season with salt and pepper. Let them sit to release some liquid.
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Mix Herbs: In a small bowl, combine garlic, parsley, basil, oregano, and half the Parmesan.
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Assemble Dish: Spread 1 tbsp olive oil in a 10x10-inch baking dish. Place bay leaf (if using) in the center. Arrange vegetables (squash, tomatoes, eggplant, mushrooms) in rows or concentric circles. Sprinkle with herb mixture and remaining Parmesan.
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Bake: Bake at 350°F for 1 hour, or until the cheese is slightly browned.
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Serve: Serve over bread, pasta, couscous, or polenta. Remove bay leaf before serving. Enjoy!
Versus Table
Benefits | Lion's Mane | Reishi | Turkey Tail | Chaga | Cordyceps |
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Immune Support | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Anti-Cancer Effects | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
Stress Relief | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Improved Sleep | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Cognitive Function | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Gut Health | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
Antioxidant Properties | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Anti-Inflammatory | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Energy & Vitality | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Liver Health | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Heart Health | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Skin Health | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ |
Blood Sugar | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Prebiotic Support | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
Synergistic Use | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
FAQ
What To Do If Lion's Mane Turns Yellow?
If your Lion's Mane mushroom is turning yellow, it's likely due to low humidity or overripeness, signaling that it's ready to harvest. This discoloration is a common sign of aging or drying out, so it's best to harvest and use the mushroom as soon as possible. Increasing humidity for future grows can help prevent early yellowing.
How Much Lion's Mane Can I Eat In a Day?
Powder: Lion's mane can be taken up to three times per day, though it is not recommended to exceed this limit. Daily dosages of 250mg to 750mg have also been shown to be effective.
Fresh Cooked: There’s no standardized amount of fresh Lion's Mane mushroom recommended for daily consumption, but a common guideline is to eat about 1 to 2 cups of cooked Lion's Mane per day. This amount provides beneficial compounds without overconsumption. It's always a good idea to start with a smaller amount and consult with a healthcare provider to tailor it to your specific health needs.
Should I Eat Lion's Mane With or Without Food?
Lion's Mane mushrooms can be consumed with or without food, depending on your preferences and goals. Taking Lion's Mane with food, especially with healthy fats, can improve absorption and reduce the risk of stomach discomfort. Conversely, consuming it on an empty stomach may enhance bioavailability and faster absorption. If you have a sensitive stomach or digestive issues, eating Lion's Mane with a meal may be gentler. For optimal benefits, experiment to find what works best for you and consider consulting a healthcare provider.
Is Lion's Mane an Adaptogen?
Lion's Mane mushrooms are great for helping your body handle stress. They act as natural adaptogens, which means they help you stay balanced and calm, even when you're feeling anxious or tired.
Can Lion's Mane Cause Depression?
Lion's Mane is generally not known to cause depression. In fact, it's often studied for its potential to support cognitive function and mental health. However, individual reactions can vary, so if you experience any negative effects, consult a healthcare professional.
Is Lion's Mane Illegal and Get You High?
Lion's Mane is not illegal and does not get you high. It is a medicinal mushroom known for its potential cognitive and health benefits. Unlike psychoactive substances, Lion's Mane does not produce a euphoric effect.
Is Lion's Mane FDA Approved?
Lion's Mane is not FDA-approved as a drug or treatment. It is available as a dietary supplement, and while it is not evaluated by the FDA for efficacy or safety, it is generally considered safe for consumption.
Can Lion's Mane Cause Headaches?
Rarely, but some people may experience headaches as a side effect.
Can Lion's Mane Cause Anxiety?
It is unlikely; in fact, it is often reported to help reduce anxiety.
Can Lion's Mane Help With Weight Loss?
There is limited evidence; it may indirectly support weight management through improved overall health.
Can Lion's Mane Cause Seizures?
No evidence suggests that Lion's Mane causes seizures.
Can Lion's Mane Help You Sleep??
It may help improve sleep quality due to its potential calming effects.
Can Lion's Mane Mushroom Cause Diarrhea?
It can cause gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea, in some individuals.
Will Lion's Mane Give You Energy?
It may enhance cognitive function and reduce fatigue, contributing to increased energy levels.
Is Lion's Mane Safe For Kids?
Safety in children is not well-studied; consult a healthcare provider before giving it to children.
Synonyms
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Hydnum erinaceus Bull., 1781
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Clavaria caput-medusae Bull., 1789
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Clavaria conferta Paulet, 1793
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Clavaria erinaceus (Bull.) Paulet, 1793
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Dryodon caput-medusae (Bull.) Quél.
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Dryodon erinaceus (Bull.) P. Karst., 1882
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Dryodon juranus Quél., 1902
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Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.) Pers.
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Hericium commune Roques, 1832
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Hericium erinaceum (Bull.) Pers. (1797
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Hericium erinaceus f. caput-medusae (Bull.) Nikol.
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Hericium grande Raf., 1813
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Hericium hystrix Pers., 1797
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Hericium strictum Pers., 1818
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Hericium unguiculatum Pers., 1825
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Hydnum caput-medusae (Bull.) Pers.
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Hydnum erinaceus Bull.
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Hydnum hystricinum Batsch, 1783
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Hydnum notarisii Inzenga, 1866
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Hydnum omasum Panizzi, 1862
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Manina cordiformis Scop., 1772
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Martella echinus Scop., 1770
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Merisma caput-medusae (Bull.) Spreng.
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Steccherinum quercinum Gray, 1821
Video
Photo sources:
Photo 1 - Author: Richard Sullivan (enchplant) (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Photo 2 - Author: Nina Filippova (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Photo 3 - Author: Lukas from London, England (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Photo 4 - Author: Melissa McMasters from Memphis, TN, United States (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Photo 5 - Author: Rob Hille (CC BY-SA 3.0)